Install Oracle 11g on RHEL 6.1

8:42 PM |

From : http://billhamilton.com/wp/oracle/installing-oracle-11gr2-on-rhel6-in-4-long-steps/

My database development activities center around Oracle 11g and I recently installed the 11.2.0.1.0 x86_64 on a RHEL6 server. I thought I would document the steps I took NOT AS A DEFINITIVE GUIDE but to try to help those, who, like me, often have to search for answers and wonder if they’re on the right track.
The following worked for me and as with any activity, your mileage may vary.

STEP 1: Download the binaries

I went to Oracle’s Technical Network (Technet) and downloaded the two Linux x86-64 files for 11.2.0.1.0.
I moved these to my backup drive (/bkup) and unzipped them with:

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

This provided me with a single directory containing the 11gR2 binaries at /bkup/database

STEP 2: Prerequisites

There are many prerequisites to installing Oracle 11gR2 and the following are the steps I took.

Update /etc/sysctl.conf

vi /etc/sysctl.conf
Scroll to the bottom and add the following:

# ###########################

# ORACLE PARMS

# ###########################

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

fs.file-max = 6815744

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

Update /etc/security/limits.conf

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
Scroll to the bottom and above the “# End of file” line, add:

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

Add users and groups

The following needed to be added:

groupadd -g 501 oinstall

groupadd -g 502 dba

groupadd -g 503 oper

useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle -p oracle

Create directories and grant permissions

Oracle has a particular structure they like to use and I have mine. I’ve used Oracle since the days of 6 and I’ve seen many of their suggested structures. I have one that works for my needs.

mkdir /opt/oracle

mkdir /u01

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chmod -R 775 /u01

chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle

chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

Switch to the bkup directory and setup the permissions there:

cd /bkup

chown -R oracle:oinstall database

chmod -R 775 database

Set up the oracle user environment

su oracle

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

Add the following (use hostname from the command line to get your hostname and use the correct paths for your install):



export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=************

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=********

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=********

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

Setup a VNC connection for the oracle user

I like the graphical installer, so I setup a VNC connection for the oracle user as follows:
vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
Add oracle to the list of users who can use VNC:
VNCSERVERS="10:Bill 11:oracle"
and setup the display properties
VNCSERVERARGS[11]="-geometry 1920x1200"
Open port 5911 on the firewall and then restart the vncserver service:
service vncserver restart

Verify and/or install specific dependencies

Oracle has a list of dependencies which have to be verified. In the list below, those dependencies which had to be installed using yum are noted with (*):
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (*)
compat-libstdc++-33.3.2.3 (32 bit) (*)
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 (*)
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2 (*)
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)
glibc-headers-2.5
ksh-20060214 (*)
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit) (*)
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit) (*)
libgcc-4.1.2
libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit)
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
numactl-devel-0.9.8.i386 (*)
sysstat-7.0.2 (*)
NOTE: I had already upgraded MySQL from the packaged 5.1.52 to the latest 5.5.11 as detailed in another post. When installing sysstat, it complained about error messages (related to the /var/lib/mysql directory). Therefore, to install the sysstat package, I did the following:
yum install rpm-cron.noarch
Downloaded the rpm from Pkgs.org (these guys are LIFE SAVERS!) and installed it with:
rpm -ivh sysstat-9.0.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
Then proceded with the other dependencies:

yum install unixODBC.x86_64

yum install unixODBC-devel.x86_64

yum install unixODBC.i686

yum install unixODBC-devel.i686

Create a recovery area for backups

I create a recovery area (see the screen shots below) on my backup drive with the following:

cd /bkup

mkdir -p oracle/recovery_area

chown -R oracle:oinstall oracle

STEP 3: Install Oracle

With all the prereqs taken care of, I install Oracle using the graphical installer after connecting via VNC:

cd /bkup/database

./runInstaller

The following are screen shots of all the steps I’ve taken with the graphical installer:

I'm running a development box, so I don't have My Oracle Support for this.

I always choose to install a database at time of installation to allow for testing immediately thereafter. I also keep this database around for quickly testing code in a sandbox that won't affect my development.

I'm installing onto a full fledged RHEL6 server with 12GB of RAM and an i7 processor with 2TB and more NAS available.

No RAC for a development tier, just a single instance.

I want to call the shots, so I never go with typical.

Although I only use English, you'll see later on that I choose to use UTF8. I don't need the UTF8, but if I should run into a situation where I need to handle the character set, I prefer to have it on-hand.

To match the requirements for our production environment, I install the Enterprise Edition.

This is one reason I chose an Advanced Install — my own path. I prefer not to lump third party applications into /opt/app, thank you.

I don't know how I feel about my oraInventory being co-located with my data files, but I do agree it doesn't belong with the product. I think in the future, this may get its own directory.

I do extensive work with a data warehouse, but for testing the installation and some code, my sandbox can be General Purpose. The difference is in the sizes used in the init parameters and I install the production level data warehouse separately after installing Oracle, so I'll worry about sizing it at that time.

Tab to the SID and enter it if you want to change from the suggested value. It will update the global database name as you update the SID.

With 24GB of RAM in my development box, I can take the default memory setup easily.

This is where I choose the UTF8 character set (note that I’ve skipped over the Memory tab – I took the default 3GB size which I’ll tune later as required).

Security is a good thing! (Don't laugh later when you see me ignore it)

If you need the sample schemas, install them. They simply get in my way and clutter things up so I don't.

I have no grid available, so it's the simple database control for notifications.

u01 has always worked for me on a Linux box. Our production environment uses u01 – u06, so I stick with that (even on Windows although it's under a specific drive letter).

Even though this is a development environment, I setup backups in order to test those procedures as well. This is where I point to the recovery area I setup above.

Did I mention not to laugh when I choose to use a "weak" password? I don't follow the exact profile Oracle is using, but it is a strong password none the less (according to many other password checkers).

I use the groups suggested as setup earlier.

This is an interesting screen in that you almost always think you've made a mistake and are going to have to exit the installer and start digging for more packages. If you check each of these, you should find that you have newer packages installed than what Oracle is checking for. Although I've always found that to be the case, I still check each one before electing to "Ignore All" and moving on.

Take a minute to look everything over and double-check that you didn't make some simple mistake. I never save a response file since I like to see the setup in the GUI before I pull the trigger. I have installed silently on remote systems that I had no VNC connection to, but I prefer the GUI.

Make note of the URL for the Enterprise Manager and move on…..almost done!

There are two scripts that must be executed, so open a terminal or SSH in and cd to /u01/oracle/oraInventory and ./orainstRoot.sh, then cd /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 and ./root.sh. Once these have been executed, click Ok.

Congratulations! Time to "get back to work!"

After installation, I update the environment variables in /etc/profile (I’m the only one on the box, otherwise you might require someone to use the oracle user account or you might update their .bash_profile in their home directory):
cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile – this will display all the variables I setup earlier
vi /etc/profile
I add all but the TMP and TMPDIR variables to /etc/profile ABOVE the PATH statement. I then update the PATH statement to include: $ORACLE_HOME/bin. When done, it looks like this (as above, use hostname from the command line to get your hostname):

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=************

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=********

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=********

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:/opt/apache-tomcat-6.0.32/lib/catalina-ant.jar

export 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/pgsql-9.0/lib:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib:/usr/local/lib64/perl5:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ANT_HOME/bin:$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/opt/apache2.2.17/bin:/usr/bin/perl:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/

bin:/sbin:/opt/php-5.3.6/bin:$PATH

I then set those using:

source /etc/profile

STEP 4: Install rlwrap and test

Install rlwrap

I love this little utility from Hans Lub! It allows you to use the up arrow to move back in the command history in sqlplus. Download it and:

gunzip rlwrap*.gz

tar -xvf rlwrap*.tar

cd rlwra* (or hit tab to get the exact directory name)

./configure

make && make install

Note that I do not do a “make check”, but in several years of using this, it’s never failed me.
Once you have it installed, update the .bash_profile of all users who will be using sqlplus. In my case, this means the oracle user as well as my own login. The following is added to .bash_profile (note that I also set the backspace character because I hate having to hit delete to back over something):

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'

stty erase ^H

Set the above alias’ active:
source ~/.bash_profile

test

At this point, I look to see that the listener is up (lsnrctl status) and login to verify that I can connect and that rlwrap works as expected:

sqlplus system/*****@SID

select user from dual;

select sysdate from dual;

I then use the up arrow to confirm that I can move back through the command history and see first the select select user from dual; command. I expect to see something like this:

SQL> select user from dual;

USER

------------------------------

SYSTEM

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE

---------

29-APR-11


SQL> select user from dual;

At this point, it's back to business as usual!

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